What are pigments?

Pigment is the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue. Pigments are used for coloring paint, ink, plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other materials.

Hinges are made of special archival tape, linen, or fine Japanese paper. With pressure sensitive tapes, prints cannot be glued or taped directly to a backing and for this purpose, hinges are used. The methods used for obtaining hinges are non-acidic, reversible adhesives, non-sticking.

he sizes and shapes of particles of pigments have great impact on the colors of these pigments. But, these pigments are available in cluster form instead of individual form. The cluster pigments also effect the tinting strength and grind of these pigments.

Many different mechanisms are there, which hold the pigments together as a clusters. The most common mechanism is the soluble materials, and these materials cement pigment particles together in the drying process. When the sizes of the pigments particles start to decrease, theirs surface area also decreases and consequently, the electrical charge in these pigments increases. This increased charge in the pigment particles make them more dispersible.

The resistance characteristic of pigment against the fading after exposure to sunlight, is called as lightfast property of the pigments.

Pigment Stick is an oil stick that transform oil painting into a whole new experience. These sticks consist of linseed oil, natural beeswax, and pigments. Generally, pigment sticks are highly fluid and very smooth. Sometimes, these sticks are also referred as Oil Sticks.

Luminescence is emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat; it is thus a form of cold body radiation. It can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions, or stress on a crystal.

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength. It is a form of luminescence.

Phosphorescence is a specific type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately re-emit the radiation it absorbs.

Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. This is a subjective attribute/property of an object being observed.

When all of the visible light that falls on a surface, is scattered, then only opacity is appeared. Titanium dioxide is considered as an efficient light scatterer. When there is enough pigment of TiO2 in an object or a film, only a small amount of light will be absorbed by the pigments or polymer and rest of the light will be striked off. The striked off light will be scattered outward and the system will appear as opaque and white.

The light discharged by a phosphor, hugely depends upon the temperature. When phosphors are kept at high temperature, then for a short period of time, these phosphorus rapidly discharge light. But, when fully charged phosphors are kept at low temperature, then their light discharging rate gets slower. That is why, whenever it is required to test a matter, whether it is phosphorescent or not, the standard temperature is taken. The standard temperature is 23° C.

The lightfastness of the pigments and dyes do not depend upon the pigment or dye, but depends upon the whole system. These following factors affect the light fastness of pigments and dyes:

• Chemical as well as physical structure of these substrates.
• The concentration of dyes and pigments.
• The rate of diffusion of the volatile substances in the polymer.
• Distribution of wavelength of incident radiation.
• The atmospheric conditions like the humidity in the atmosphere and percentage of contaminants.
• Distribution of wavelength of the incident rays.

The particle size and surface treatment make the grade of TiO₂ different than another.

For methods of using dry pigments (or other non-colored powdered additives) which require only as much mixing as is possible with a brush. These methods can be applied for solvent or water-based paints. It will not achieve the level of ground pigments, but can suffice. Making the crude version of a pigment dispersion.

Manual grinding with a glass muller on a glass surface is recommended (see- Grinding). Make a paste with dry pigment, water and disperse water for water based paints or dry pigment, stand oil and disperse oil for oil base.

The color organic pigments are not stains nor these are dyes. So, if some stains arise in the clothes or sheets, then after some time these can be washed-out completely from any synthetic materials. These stains can be removed very easily.

MMO is a kind of inorganic pigment that contain more than one types iron metals in their oxide crystal structure.

CICP are also a kind of pigments. These are Complex Inorganic Colored Pigments.